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Discrete Constrained Willmore Surfaces

60 x 60
90 x 60
105 x 60
120 x 60
60 x 60: Shift 2
60 x 60: Shift 4
60 x 60: Shift 8
120 x 60: Shift 8
3-Rotationally Symmetric
4-Rotationally Symmetric
5-Rotationally Symmetric
6-Rotationally Symmetric
7-Rotationally Symmetric
Figure 8 Torus #1
Figure 8 Torus #2
Double Figure 8 Torus
Four Noid #1
Four Noid #2
Möbius Band: 160x40
Möbius Band: 120x20
Genus 3
Genus 2
Genus 4
Genus 7

Discrete Willmore Surfaces

In A Conformal Energy for Simplicial Surfaces, Alexander Bobenko proves that convex simplicial spheres have vanishing discrete Willmore energy and conjectures that the discrete Willmore minimizers of simplicial spheres of non-inscribable combinatorial types have their energy quantized to integer multiples of 2π. The collection below of discrete Willmore spheres obtained by numerical minimization of the energy supports this conjecture. The examples predominantly have their vertices lying on a sphere so their circumcircles define a non-Delaunay circle pattern on the two-sphere.

8π
Triakis Octahedron
16π
32π
40π
40π
88π
112π
112π
136π
280π
2552π